B.Sc. (Hons) Chemistry PCM Syllabus

Semester IV

  • COURSE CODE
    COURSE NAME
    CREDITS
  • JBCH-601

    Inorganic Chemistry-III:

    UNIT-I

    Coordination Chemistry: Werner's theory, valence bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), electroneutrality principle and back bonding. Crystal field theory, measurement of 10 Dq (o), CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors effecting the magnitude of 10 Dq (o, t). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller theorem, square planar geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand field and MO Theory. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers. Chelate effect, polynuclear complexes, Labile and inert complexes.

    UNIT-II

    Lanthanoids and actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, colour, spectral and magnetic properties, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange method only).

    UNIT-III

    Bioinorganic Chemistry: Metal ions present in biological systems, classification of elements according to their action in biological system. Geochemical effect on the distribution of metals. Sodium / K-pump, carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase. Excess and deficiency of some trace metals. Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), reasons for toxicity, Use of chelating agents in medicine. Iron and its application in bio-systems, Hemoglobin; Storage and transfer of iron.

    UNIT-IV

    Inorganic Polymers, Organometallic Compound and Metal carbonyls: Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates and phosphazenes, and polysulphates.

    UNIT-V

    Organometallic compounds and carbonyl compounds: Definition and classification of organometallic compounds, EAN rule. Preparation, properties, structure and bonding of mononuclear carbonyls. π-acceptor behavior of carbon monoxide, synergic effect (MO diagram of CO) Carbonylate anions, ferrocene and its reactions.

    Books:

    • 1. Purecell, K.F. and Kotz, J.C., Inorganic Chemistry W.B. Saunders Co. 1977.
    • 2. Basolo, F, and Pearson, R.C., Mechanisms of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1967.
    • 3. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw A., Chemistry of the Elements.
    04
  • JBCH-602

    Organic Chemistry-III:

    UNIT-I

    Heterocyclic Compounds and Polynuclear Hydrocarbons:

    Introduction: Molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristics of pyrrole, furan, thiophene and pyridine. Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions with particular emphasis on the mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions in pyridine derivatives. Comparison of basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole. Introduction to condensed five and six- membered heterocycles. Preparation and reactions of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline with special reference to Fisher indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis and Bischler-Napieralski synthesis. Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline Reactions of naphthalene phenanthrene and anthracene Structure, Preparation and structure elucidation and important derivatives of naphthalene and anthracene; Polynuclear hydrocarbons.

    UNIT-II

    Carbohydrates: Classification and nomenclature. Monosaccharides, mechanism of osazone formation, interconversion of glucose and fructose, chain lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses. Configuration of monosaccharides. Erythro and threo diastereomers. Conversion of glucose into mannose. Formation of glycosides, ethers and esters. Determination of ring size of monsaccharides. Cyclic structure of D (+)-glucose. Mechanism of mutarotation. Structure of ribose and deoxyribose. An introduction to disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (starch and cellulose) without involving structure determination

    UNIT-III

    Amino acids, Peptides, Proteins and Nucleic acids:

    Amino acids, Peptides and their classification. α-Amino Acids - Synthesis, ionic properties and reactions. Zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point and electrophoresis; Study of peptides: determination of their primary structures-end group analysis, methods of peptide synthesis. Synthesis of peptides using N-protecting, C-protecting and C-activating groups - Solid-phase synthesis Components of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides; Structure, synthesis and reactions of: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil nd Thymine; Structure of polynucleotides

    UNIT-IV

    Organic Spectroscopy: General principles Introduction to absorption and emission spectroscopy. UV Spectroscopy: Types of electronic transitions, λmax, Chromophores and Auxochromes, Bathochromic and Hypsochromic shifts, Intensity of absorption; Application of Woodward Rules for calculation of λmax for the following systems: α,β unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters; Conjugated dienes: alicyclic, homoannular and heteroannular; Extended conjugated systems (aldehydes, ketones and dienes); distinction between cis and trans isomers. IR Spectroscopy: Fundamental and non-fundamental molecular vibrations; IR absorption positions of O, N and S containing functional groups; Effect of H- bonding, conjugation, resonance and ring size on IR absorptions; Fingerprint region and its significance; application in functional group analysis. NMR Spectroscopy: Basic principles of Proton Magnetic Resonance, chemical shift and factors influencing it; Spin – Spin coupling and coupling constant; Anisotropic effects in alkene, alkyne, aldehydes and aromatics, Interpetation of NMR spectra of simple compounds Applications of IR, UV and NMR for identification of simple organic molecules.

    Books:

    • 1. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
    • 2. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
    • 3. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
    • 4. Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth Edition, W. H. Freeman.
    • 5. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. & Stryer, L. Biochemistry, Sixth Edition, W. H. Freeman.
    04
  • JBCH-603

    Physical Chemistry-III:

    UNIT-I

    Conductance: Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Molar conductivity at infinite dilution. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation, Wien effect, Debye-Falkenhagen effect, Walden's rules. Ionic velocities, mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their relation to ionic mobilities, determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and Moving Boundary methods. Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes, (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts, (iv) conductometric titrations, and (v) hydrolysis constants of salts.

    UNIT-II

    Chemical Kinetics: Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction, differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions, experimental methods of the determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions (integrated rate expressions up to first order only): (i) Opposing reactions (ii) parallel reactions and (iii) consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations (steady-state approximation in reaction mechanisms) (iv) chain reactions. Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy. Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates. Surface chemistry: Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms. nature of adsorbed state.

    UNIT-III

    Colloidal State: Definition of colloids, classification of colloids. Solids in liquids (sols): properties -kinetic, optical and electrical; stability of colloids, protective action, Hardy- Schulze law, gold number. Liquids in liquids (emulsions): types of emulsions, preparation. Emulsifier. gels: classification, preparation and properties, inhibition, general applications of colloids. Catalysis: Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis.

    UNIT-IV

    Quantum Mechanics: Black-body radiation, Planck's radiation law, photoelectric effect, heat capacity of solids, Bohr's model of hydrogen atom (no derivation) and its defects, Compton effect. De Broglie hypothesis, the Heisenberg's uncertainty priciple, Sinusoidal wave equation, Hamiltonian operator, Schrodinger wave equation and its importance, physical interpretation of the wave function, postulates of quantum mechanics, particle in a one dimensional box. Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom, separation into three equations (without derivation), quantum numbers and their importance, hydrogen like wave funcitons, radial wave functions, angular wave functions.

    UNIT-V

    Molecular orbital theory, basic ideas-criteria for forming M.O. from A.O., construction of M.O's by LCAO-H2+ ion, calculation of energy levels from wave functions, physical picture of bonding and antibonding wave functions, concept of σ, σ*, π, π* orbitals and their characteristics. Hybrid orbitals- sp, sp2, sp3; calculation of coefficients of A.O.'s used in these hybrid orbitals. Introduction to valence bond model of H2, comparison of M.O. and V.B. models.

    Books:

    • 1. Banwell, C. N. & McCash, E. M. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy 4th Ed. Tata McGraw-Hill: New Delhi (2006).
    • 2. Chandra, A. K. Introductory Quantum Chemistry Tata McGraw-Hill (2001).
    • 3. House, J. E. Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry 2nd Ed. Elsevier: USA (2004).
    04
  • JBCH-651

    Inorganic Chemistry-III Lab:

    • 4. Complexometric titrations
      • a) Complexometric estimation of Mg 2+ and Zn2+ using EDTA.
      • b) Estimation of total hardness of water samples.
      • c) Estimation of Ca2+ in solution by using eriochrome black-T as an indicator.
    • 5. Argenometry Estimation of chloride ions by –
      • a) Mohr's method
      • b) Vohlard method
      • c) Fajan's method.
    • 6. Quantitative Analysis
      • a) Estimation of Ni(II) using dimethylglyoxime as the precipitate.
      • b) Estimation of Cu as CuSCN.
    • 7. Paper chromatographic separation of Ni(II) and Co(II) : Cu(II) and Cd(II).
    02
  • JBCH-652

    Organic Chemistry-III Lab:

    Organic Preparations:

    • 1. Diels-Alder reaction between anthracene and maleic anhydride
    • 2. Reduction: nitrobenzene (TLC of the mixture), m-dinitrobenzene to m-nitro aniline.
    • 3. Benzoin condensation of benzaldehyde using thiamine hydrochloride.
    • 4. Preparation of schif base from p-toluidine with benaldehyde or salicylaldehyde.
    • 5. Estimation of phenol and aniline by bromination with potassium bromate- potassium bromide method.
    • 6. Saponification value of an oil / fat.
    02
  • JBCH-653

    Physical Chemistry-III Lab:

    • 1. To study changes in conductance in the following systems
      • a) strong acid-strong base
      • b) weak acid- strong base
      • c) mixture of strong acid and weak acid – strong base
    • 2. Study the kinetics of the iodine persulphate reaction by initial rate method
    • 3. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid volumetrically or conductometrically.
    • 4. Saponification of ethylacetate.
    02
  • Total Credits
     
    18