B.Sc. (Hons) Botany

Semester VI

  • COURSE CODE
    COURSE NAME
    CREDITS
  • JBBH-601

    Genetics and Plant Breeding:

    UNIT-I

    Mendel’s experiments and principles of inheritance: Mendalian inheritance, backcross and test cross; gene interactions and modified dihybridrations; complementry, supplementary, duplicate and epistatic factors.
    Multiple allelism: Multiple alleles in Drosophila (eye colour), man (blood groups) and plants (self-incompatibility).

    UNIT-II

    Chromosomes: Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, structural and numerical changes in chromosomes, chromosomal disorders.

    UNIT-III

    Linkage and recombination: Coupling and repulsion hypothesis; molecular mechanism of crossing over, significance of crossing over, linkage (Complete and incomplete).

    UNIT-IV

    • a) Types of plant reproduction: Vegetative, sexual and apomixes, their effects on generating and fixing genotypic variation.
    • b) Methods of plant improvement: Pure line and mass selection, hybridization- types, techniques and importance; introduction and acclimatization, hybrid vigour.
    • c) Alterations in the genetic makeup changes at genetic level: Spontaneous and induced mutations, mutagens- types and mode of action, transitions and transversions, and frameshift mutations, Polyploidy.

    Books:

    • 1. Singh, B.D., Genetics, Kalyani Publication.
    • 2. Singh, P., Plant Breeding, Kalyani Publication.
    • 3. Gardener, Elden & John, Principleof Genetics, Willy Publication.
    04
  • JBBH-602

    Molecular Biology and Biotechnology:

    UNIT-I

    Modern concept of gene: Recent concept of gene: cistron, recon, muton, split genes and overlapping gene

    UNIT-II

    Nucleic Acid:

    • a) Structure and Types of DNA and its replication, DNA as a genetic materials, Double helix model of DNA, Chargaff’s rule.
    • b) Structure and types of RNA, RNA as genetic materials.

    UNIT-III

    Gene Function and Protein synthesis: Central dogma, Transcription genetic code, translation, termination. Regulation of Protein synthesis: The Opran (Lac Opran and Tryptophan model).

    UNIT-IV

    Biotechnology:

    • a) Basic concept and its application, Plant tissue culture and micro propagation: Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization,
    • b) Recombinant DNA and Gene cloning: cloning vectors for recombinant DNA, Restriction Enzymes for cloning, southern, northern and western blotting techniques.
    • c) Industrial and Agriculture Biotechnology: Production of Organic chemicals by microbial fermentation, production of Antibiotics by microorganisms, Bio-fertilizers and Bio-insecticides.

    Books:

    • 1. Wilson, Walker, Principle & Techniques of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cambridge University.
    • 2. Gupta, P.K., Cytology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, Rastogi Publications.
    • 3. Verma & Mohit, Text book of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry & Biotechnology, S.Chand Publication.
    04
  • JBBH-603

    Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms:

    UNIT-I

    Anther: Structure, ontogeny; tapetum; structure and functions; micro-sporogenesis; and its significance.
    Microgametogenesis, pollen wall development, MGU (male germ unit) structure, pollen viability, storage and germination; pollen tube structure.

    UNIT-II

    Ovule: Structure, ontogeny, types; female gametophyte – megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis: Organization and ultrastructure of mature embryo sac.

    UNIT-III

    Study of the following families with special reference to local flora and plants of economic value.

    Pollination and Fertilization: Pollination types and significance; adaptations; pollen-pistil Interaction; structure of stigma and style; fertilization and double fertilization. Endosperm: Types, development and functions.

    UNIT-IV

    Embryogenesis: Classification, development of Embryo, embryo–endosperm relationship; physiological and genetical control.
    Polyembryony and Apomixes: Introduction; classification; causes and applications.

    Books:

    • 1. Singh, V., A text book of Botany structure, Development & reproductionin Angiosperm, Rastogi Publication.
    04
  • JBBH-651

    Genetics and Plant Breeding Practical:

    Based on theory paper of Genetics and Plant Breeding.
    02
  • JBBH-652

    Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Practical:

    Based on theory paper of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology.
    02
  • JBBH-553

    Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms Practical:

    Based on theory paper of Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms.
    02
  • Total Credits
     
    18