Bachelor of Pharmacy Syllabus

Semester V

  • COURSE CODE
    COURSE NAME
    CREDITS
  • JBP-401

    Pharmaceutics – III (Unit Operations II):

    UNIT-I

    Stoichiometry:Unit processes material and energy balances, molecular units, mole fraction, tie substance, gas laws, mole volume, primary and secondary quantities, equilibrium state, rate process, steady and unsteady states, dimensionless equations, , dimensionless formulae, dimensionless groups, different types of graphic representation.

    UNIT-II

    Evaporation:Basic concepts of phase equilibria, factor affecting evaporation, evaporators.

    UNIT-III

    Distillation:Raoult' s law, Phase Diagrams, volatility, simple steam and flash distillations, principles of rectifications, Mccabethiele method for the calculations of number of theoretical plates, Azeotropic and extractive distillation

    UNIT-IV

    Size Reduction and Size Separation: Definition, objectives of size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy and power requirements of a mills including ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill etc. Mixing:Theory of mixing, solid-solid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixing equipments. Drying:Moisture content and mechanism of drying, rate of drying and time of drying calculations, classification and type of dryers, dryers used in pharmaceutical industries – Tray dryer, Fluidised bed dryer, spray dryer and special drying methods.

    UNIT-V

    Automated Process Control Systems:Process variables, temperature, pressure, flow level and vacuum and their measurements. Elements automatic process control and introduction to automatic process control systems. Elements of computer aided manufacturing (CAM).

    Books:

    • 1. Badger W.L. & Banchero J.T., Introduction to Chemical Engineering, McGraw Hill, International Book Co., London.
    • 2. Perry R.H. & Chilton C.H., Chemical Engineers Handbook, McGrawKogakusha Ltd.
    • 3. McCabe W.L. & Smith J.C., Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering, McGraw Hill, International Book Co., London.
    • 4. Gavhane, K.A. Unit Operation-II, NiraliPrakashan.
    • 5. Sambhamurthi, Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Age Publishers.
    04
  • JBP-402

    Pharmaceutical Microbiology:

    UNIT-I

    Introduction to the scope of microbiology, Structure of bacterial cell. Classification of microbes and their taxonomy. Actinomycetes, bacteria, rickettsiae, spirochetes and viruses.

    UNIT-II

    Identification of Microbes: Stains and types of staining techniques, electron microscopy.

    UNIT-III

    Nutrition, cultivation, isolation of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, viruses, etc. Microbial genetics and variation.

    UNIT-IV

    Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods

    a. Disinfection, factors influencing disinfectants, dynamics of disinfection, disinfectants and antiseptics and their evaluation.

    b. Sterilization, different methods, validation of sterilization methods &equipments. Sterility testing of all pharmaceutical products.

    UNIT-V

    Immunity, primary and secondary, defensive mechanisms of body, microbial resistance, interferon. Microbial assays of antibiotics, vitamins & amino acids.

    Books:

    • 1. Pelczar& Reid, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi.
    • 2. Prescott L.M., Harley J.P. &Klien D.A., Microbiology, McGraw Hill.
    • 3. Davis, Dulbetco&Eisen, Microbiology.
    • 4. Stanier R.Y., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis M.L. & Painter P.R., General Microbiology, Macmillan Press Limited.
    • 5. Hugo and Russell, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Black Well Scientific Pub. Oxfrd.
    • 6. Ananthanarayan R. &Paniker C.K.J., Textbook of Microbiology, Orient Longman.
    • 7. Sykes, Disinfection & Sterilization.
    • 8. Virella G., Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.
    04
  • JBP-403

    Pharmacognosy- III:

    UNIT-I

    Study of the biological sources, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties, chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features and specific chemical tests of following groups of drugs containing glycosides :

    a) Saponins:Liquorice, ginseng, dioscorea, sarsaparilla, and senega.

    b) Cardioactive sterols: Digitalis, squill, strophanthus and thevetia.

    c) Anthraquinone cathartics: Aloe, senna, rhubarb and cascara.

    d) Others: Psoralea, Ammimajus, Ammivisnaga, gentian, saffron, chirata, quassia.

    UNIT-II

    Studies of traditional drugs, common vernacular names, botanical sources, morphology, chemical nature of chief constituents, pharmacology, categories and common uses and marketed formulations of following indigenous drugs: Amla, Kantkari, Satavari, Tylophora, Bhilawa, Kalijiri, Bach, Rasna, Punamava, Chitrack, Apamarg, Gokhru, Shankhapushpi, Brahmi, Adusa, Atjuna, Ashoka, Methi, Lahsun, Palash, Guggal, Gymnema, Shilajit, Nagarmotha and Neem.

    UNIT-III

    The holistic concept of drug administration in traditional systems of medicine. Introduction to ayurvedic preparations like Arishtas, Asvas, Gutikas, Tailas, Chumas, Lehyas and Bhasmas.

    Books:

    • 1. Kokate C.K., Gokhale AS, Gokhale SB, Cultivation of Medicinal Plants, Nirali Prakashan.
    • 2. Kokate C.K., et al, Pharmacognosy, NiraliPrakashan, Pune.
    • 3. Trease G.E., & Evans W.C., Evans, W.C., Pharmacognosy, Bailliere Tindall east Baorne, U.K.
    • 4. Tyler V.E. et al, Pharmacognosy, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
    • 5. Wallis. T.E., Text Book of Pharmacognosy, J& A Churchill Ltd. London.
    • 6. Nadkarni A.K., Indian MateriaMedica1-2, Popular Prakashan (P) Ltd. Bombay.
    • 7. Medicinal Plants of India I& II, Indian council of Medical Reasearch, New Delhi.
    • 8. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Vol. I& II, ICMR & RRL, Jammu.
    04
  • JBP-404

    Anatomy, Physiology and Health Education and Pathophysiology of Common Diseases (APHE-III):

    UNIT-I

    Urinary System: Various parts, structures and functions of the kidney and urinary tract. Physiology of urine formation and acid-base balance. Diseases of the urinary system.

    UNIT-II

    Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive systems and their hormones, physiology of menstruation, coitus and fertilization. Sex differentiation, spermatogenesis & oogenesis. Pregnancy its maintenance and parturition

    UNIT-III

    Basic Principles of Cell Injury and Adaptation: Causes of Cellular injury, pathogenesis, morphology of cell injury. Intercellular alterations in lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, Cellular adaptation, atrophy, hypertrophy

    UNIT-IV

    Basic Mechanisms involved in the process of inflammation and repair: Alterations in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBCS, acute and chronic inflammation, mediators of inflammation, brief outline of the process of repair.

    UNIT-V

    Pathophysiology of Common Diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, epilepsy, psychosis, depression, mania, hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, peptic ulcer, asthma, ulcerative colitis, hepatic disorders, acute and chronic renal failure, tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, anemias and common types of neoplasms. Wherever applicable the molecular basis should be discussed.

    Books:

    • 1. Goodman & Gilman, The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics, Pergamon Press.
    • 2. Katzung, B.G., Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Prentice Hall, International.
    • 3. Rang M.P., Dale M.M., Riter J.M., Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone.
    • 4. Barar F.S.K., Text Book of Pharmacology, Interprint, New Delhi.
    • 5. Laurene, D.R. &Bennet P.N., Clinical Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone.
    • 6. Tripathi, K.D., Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Jay Pee Publishers, N. Delhi.
    • 7. Satoskar&Bhandarkar, Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Bombay.
    • 8. Kulkarni S.K., Hand Book of Experimental Pharmacology, Vallabh Prakshn, Delhi.
    04
  • JBP-405

    Pharmaceutics – IV (Physical Pharmacy):

    UNIT-I

    Matter, properties of Matter:States of matter change in the state of matter, latent heats and vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, Eutectic mixtures, gases, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy state, solids-crystalline, amorphous and polymorphism.
    Kinetics and Drug Stability:General considerations & concepts, Degradative path ways, half life determination, Influence of temperature, light, solvent, catalytic species and other factors, Accelerated stability study, expiration dating. ICH guidelines for stability. Buffers:Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity.

    UNIT-II

    Micrometrics and Powder Rheology:Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle volume, optical microscopy, sieving, sedimentation, measurement, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.

    UNIT-III

    Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tensions, surface free energy, measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, active agents, HLB classification, solubilization, detergency, adsorption at solid interfaces, solid- gas and solid-liquid interfaces, complex films, electrical properties of interface.

    UNIT-IV

    Viscosity and Rheology:Newtonian systems, Law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotrophy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary,falling ball, rotational viscometers. Complexation:Classification of complexes, methods of preparation and analysis, applications

    UNIT-V

    Dispersion Systems:Colloidal Dispersions : Definition, types, properties of colloids, protective colloids, application of colloids in pharmacy; Suspensions and Emulsions; Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, theory of sedimentation, effect of Brownian movement, sedimentation of flocculated particles, sedimentation parameters, wetting of particles, controlled flocculation, flocculation in structured vehicles, rheological considerations; Emulsions-types, theories, physical stability.

    Books:

    • 1. Martin A., Bustamante P. & Chun A.H.C., Physical Pharmacy, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
    • 2. Shotten E. & Ridgaway K., Physical Pharmaceutics, Oxford Univ Press, London.
    • 3. S.P.Agarwal, Rajesh Khanna, Physical Pharmacy, CBS Publishers, New Delhi. 30
    04
  • JBP-451

    Pharmaceutics – III (Unit Operations II) (P):

    • 1. Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient.
    • 2. Determination of rate of evaporation.
    • 3. Experiments based on steam, extractive and azeotropic distillations.
    • 4. Determination of rare of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content.
    • 5. Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the rate of drying.
    • 6. Experiments to illustrate principles of size reduction, Laws governing energy and power requirements of size Reduction.
    • 7. Experiments to illustrate solid-solid mixing, determination of mixing efficiency using different types of mixers.
    02
  • JBP-452

    Pharmaceutical Microbiology(P):

    Experiments devised to prepare various types of culture media, subculturing of common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungus and yeast, various staining methods, various methods of isolation and identification of microbes, sterilization techniques and their validation, evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants, testing the sterility of pharmaceutical products as per I.P. requirements, microbial assay of antibiotics and vitamins, etc.
    02
  • JBP-453

    Pharmacognosy– III (P):

    • 1. Identification of crude drugs listed in theory.
    • 2. Microscopic study of some important glycoside containing crude drugs as outlined above.
    • 3. Study of Powdered drugs.
    • 4. To study the following standards
    • 5. Loss on drying
    • 6. Extractive values
    • 7. Ash values.
    • 8. To perform above studies (exp. 5) in any liquid herbal formulation
    02
  • JBP-454

    Pharmaceutics – IV (Physical Pharmacy) (P):

    • 1. Determination of particle size, Particle size distribution and surface area using various methods of particle size analysis.
    • 2. Determination of derived properties of powders like density, porosity, compressibility, angle of repose etc.
    • 3. Determination of surface/ interfacial tension, HLB value and critical micellar concentration ofsurfactants.
    • 4. Study of rheological properties of various types of systems using different Viscometers.
    • 5. Studies of different types of complexes and determination of their stability constants.
    • 6. Preparation of various types of suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters.
    • 7. Preparation and stability studies of emulsions.
    • 8. Accelerated stability testing, shelf-life determination and expiration dating of pharmaceuticals.
    • 9. Experiments involving tonicity adjustments.
    02
  • Total Credits
     
    30