B.Tech (Electronics & Communication) Syllabus

Semester VIII

  • COURSE CODE
    COURSE NAME
    CREDITS
  • JEEC-801

    Wireless & Mobile Communication:

    UNIT-I

    Evolution of mobile radio communication fundamentals. Large scale path loss: propagation models, reflection, diffraction, scattering, practical link budget design using path loss model. Small scale fading & multipath propagation and measurements, impulse response model and parameters of multipath channels. Small scale Multipath Measurements, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels types of small scale fading.Techniques

    UNIT-II

    Fundamentals of equalisation, Equalisers in communication receiver, Survey of equalisation techniques, linear equaliser, Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization, Diversity techniques, RAKE receiver. Characteristics of speech signals, quantisation techniques, vocoders, linear predictive coders, Multiple Access techniques for Wireless Communications.

    UNIT-III

    Cellular concepts, Frequency reuse, channel assignment strategies, handoff strategies, interference and system capacity, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems.

    UNIT-IV

    GSM system for mobile: Services and features, System Architecture, Radio Sub system Channel types, Frame Structure CDMA Digital Cellular Standard (IS 95): Frequency and Channel specifications, Forward CDMA channel and reverse CDMA channel

    UNIT-V

    Introduction to Mobile Adhoc Networks, Mobile data networks, wireless standards IMT2000, Introduction to 4G and concept of NGN.

    Books:

    • 1. T.S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communication-Principles and practice", Pearson, Second Edition.
    • 2. T L Singal , "Wireless Communications",McGraw Hill Publications.
    • 3. R. Pandya, "Mobile and personal communication system", PHI.
    • 4. Andrea Goldsmith, "Wireless Communications", Cambridge University press.
    • 5. Andreas F. Molisch, "Wireless Communications", Wiley Student Edition.
    • 6. S. Haykin & M. Moher, "Modern wireless communication", Pearson, 2005.
    04
  • JEEC-802

    VLSI Design:

    UNIT-I

    Introduction: Overview of VLSI Design Methodologies, VLSI Design Flow, Design Hierarchy, Concepts of Regularity, Modularity and Locality. MOSFET Fabrication: Fabrication process flow, NMOS and CMOS fabrication, layout design rules, stick diagram and mask layout design. MOS Transistor : MOS Structure, The MOS System under external bias, Operation of MOSFET, MOSFET - Current/Voltage Characteristics, Scaling and Small geometry effects and capacitances

    UNIT-II

    MOS Inverters: Introduction, Resistive Load Inverter, Inverters with n-type MOSFET load, CMOS Inverter. MOS Inverters - Switching Characteristics: Introduction, Delay – Time Definitions, Calculation of Delay Times, and Inverter Design with Delay Constraints.

    UNIT-III

    Combinational MOS Logic Circuits: Introduction, MOS Logic Circuits with Depletion NMOS Loads, CMOS Logic Circuits, Complex Logic Circuits, CMOS Transmission Gates (Pass Gates), Sequential MOS Logic Circuits: Introduction, Behaviour Bistable Elements, SR Latch Circuits, Clocked Latch and FF Circuits, CMOS D Latch and Edge Triggered FF.

    UNIT-IV

    Dynamic logic circuits: Introduction, basic principle of pass transistor circuits, synchronous dynamic circuit techniques, dynamic CMOS circuit techniques, domino CMOS logic. Semiconductor memories: Introduction, DRAM, SRAM, ROM, flash memory.

    UNIT-V

    Low – Power CMOS Logic Circuits: Introduction, Overview of Power Consumption, Low – Power Design through voltage scaling, Estimation and Optimization of switching activity, Reduction of Switched Capacitance and Adiabatic Logic Circuits. Design for Testability: Introduction, Fault Types and Models, Controllability and Observability, Ad Hoc Testable Design Techniques, Scan Based and BIST Techniques

    Books:

    • 1. Sung-Mo Kang & Yosuf Leblebici, "CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis & Design", TMH, 3rd Edition.
    • 2. D. A. Pucknell and K. Eshraghian, "Basic VLSI Design: Systems and Circuits", PHI, 3rd Ed., 1994.
    • 3. W. Wolf, Modern VLSI Design: System on Chip, Pearson.
    04
  • JEEC-081-084

    Departmental Elective IV (CDMA Systems/Digital System Design using VHDL/Embedded Systems/Radar Systems)

    .

    CDMA Systems:

    UNIT-I

    Introduction to access technologies: Major attributes of CDMA system, third generation systems, multiple access technologies, modes of operation in wireless communications
    Direct sequence spread spectrum and spreading codes: Types of techniques used for spread spectrum, concept of spread spectrum system, performance of direct sequence spread spectrum, bit scrambling, performance of CDMA System, PN Sequence Speech and Channel Coding: speech coding and channel coding
    Diversity, Combining and Antennas: Diversity reception, types of diversity, basic combining methods, BPSK Modulation and diversity, examples of base station and mobile antennas

    UNIT-II

    IS-95 SYSTEM:TR-45/TR-46 Reference model, Functional Model Based on Reference Model, Wireless Intelligent Network, TIA IS 95 CDMA System, Forward Link, Reverse Link Physical and Logical Channels of IS 95 CDMA: Physical channels, modulation, bit repetition, block interleaving, channel coding, logical channels IS 95 Call processing: CDMA Call processing state, CDMA Registration Signaling applications in IS-95 CDMA: layered structure, A- interface, Roaming

    UNIT-III

    Soft hand off and power control in IS-95 CDMA: Types of handoff, pilot sets, search windows, handoff parameters, handoff messages, handoff procedures, set up and end of soft hand off, maintenance of pilot sets, need of power control, reverse link power control, forward link power control Security and identification in IS-95 CDMA: Mobile identification parameters, authentication procedures, shared secret data, parameter update, voice privacy

    UNIT-IV

    RF Engineering and network planning: Radio design for a cellular/ p c s network, radio network planning, radio link design, estimation of cell count, Radio coverage planning, propagation models, delay spread, Doppler spread, ISI, Link budget and cell coverage, dual mode CDMA mobile. Reverse and forward link capacity of IS-95 CDMA System: reverse link capacity, multicell network, intercell interface, erlang capacity a single cell, forward link capacity, CDMA cell size, forward and reverse link balance, forward link budget

    UNIT-V

    CDMA 2000 system: CDMA 2000 layering structure, CDMA 2000 channels, logical channels used by PLICF, physical layer, forward link physical channel, forward link features, reverse physical channels, data services in CDMA 2000, mapping of logical channels to physical channels, evolution of CDMA1 to CDMA 2000, major technical difference between CDMA 2000 and W-CDMA

    Books:

    • 1. IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000 by Vijay K. Garg, Pearson Publication
    • 2. Andrew J. Viterbi, "CDMA Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications", Addison Wesley 1995.
    • 3. J.S. Lee and L.E. Miller, "CDMA system Engineering handbook", Artech House 1998.
    • 4. Steve Lee, "Spread Spectrum CDMA", TMH

    Digital System Design using VHDL:

    UNIT-I

    Introduction to VHDL, reserve words, structures, modeling, objects, data type and operators, sequential statements and processes, sequential modeling and attributes, conditional assignment, concatenation and case, array loops and assert statements, subprograms.

    UNIT-II

    Digital System Design Automation– Abstraction Levels, System level design flow, RTL design flow, VHDL. RTL Design with VHDL – Basic structures of VHDL, Combinational circuits, Sequential circuits, Writing Test benches, Synthesis issues, VHDL Essential Terminologies VHDL Constructs for Structures and Hierarchy Descriptions – Basic Components, Component Instantiations, Iterative networks, Binding Alternatives, Association methods, generic Parameters, Design Configuration

    UNIT-III

    Concurrent Constructs for RT level Descriptions – Concurrent Signal Assignments, Guarded signal assignment Sequential Constructs for RT level Descriptions – Process Statement, Sequential WAIT statement, VHDL Subprograms, VHDL library Structure, Packaging Utilities and Components, Sequential Statements. VHDL language Utilities - Type Declarations and Usage, VHDL Operators, Operator and Subprogram overloading, Other TYPES and TYPE – related issues, Predefined Attributes

    UNIT-IV

    VHDL Signal Model – Characterizing hardware languages, Signal Assignments, Concurrent and Sequential Assignments, Multiple Concurrent Drivers Standard Resolution

    UNIT-V

    Hardware Cores and Models - Synthesis rules and styles, Memory and Queue Structures, Arithmetic Cores, Components with Separate Control and Data parts. Core Design Test and Testability - Issues Related to Design Test, Simple Test benches.

    Books:

    • 1. Z. Navabi, "VHDL-Modular Design and Synthesis of cores and Systems", TMH – 3rd Edition.
    • 2. R.D.M. Hunter, T. T. Johnson, "Introduction to VHDL" Spriger Publication.
    • 3. C. H. Roth, "Digital System Design using VHDL", PWS Publishing.
    • 4. Douglas Perry, "VHDL- Programming by examples", MGH.

    Embedded Systems:

    UNIT-I

    Introduction: Embedded systems and its applications, Embedded Operating system, Design parameters of an embedded system and its significance, design life cycle, tools introduction, hardware and software partitioning and co-design Hardware Fundamentals for the embedded developers Digital circuit parameters Open collector outputs Tristate outputs I/O sinking and Sourcing, PLD's, Watchdog Timers, Hardware design and development. Custom Single Purpose Processors: Optimizing program, FSMD, Data path & FSM. General purpose processors and ASIP's (Application Specific Instruction set Programming): Software and operation of general purpose processors Programmers View Development Environment-ASIPs Microcontrollers-DSP Chips.

    UNIT-I-II

    Introduction to Microcontrollers and Microprocessors, Embedded versus external memory devices, CISC and RISC processors, Harvard and Von Neumann Architectures. 8051 Microcontrollers-Assembly language, architecture, registers, Addressing modes, Instruction set, I/O ports and Memory Organization Interrupts Timer/counter and Serial Communication.

    UNIT-IV

    RTOS-Tasks, states, Data, Semaphores and Shared Data, Operating System Services, Message Queues, Mailboxes. Advanced Processor-(only architectures) 80386, 80486 and ARM(References)

    UNIT-V

    Communication basics, Microprocessor Interfacing I/O Addressing, Direct Memory access, Arbitration, Multilevel Bus Architecture, Serial protocols, Parallel protocols and Wireless protocols. Real world Interfacing: LCD, Stepping Motor, ADC, DAC, LED, Push Buttons, Key board, Latch Interconnection, PPI.

    Books:

    • 1. Embedded System Design-Frank Vahid/Tony Givargis, John Willey@2005.
    • 2. Microcontroller (Theory and Applications) Ajay V Deshmukh,Tata McGraw- Hill@2005.
    • 3. An Embedded Software Primer-David E.Simon, Pearson Education @ 1999.
    • 4. The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded systems-Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie.
    • 5. Microcontrollers (Architecture, Implementation & Programming) Kenneth Hintz, Daniel Tabak, Tata McGraw-Hill@2005.
    • 6. 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems 2nd Edition-Sampath Kr, Katson Books@2006.

    Radar Systems:

    UNIT-I

    Radar Signal Models: Amplitude models, distributed target forms of range equation, radar cross section, statistical description of radar cross section, Swerling model, Clutter, signal to clutter ratio, temporal and spatial correlation of clutter, noise model and signal to noise ratio, frequency models, Doppler shift, simplifies approach to Doppler shift, stop and hop assumption, spatial model, variation with angle, variation with range, projections, multipath, spectral models.

    UNIT-II

    Radar Wave Forms: Waveform matched filter of moving targets, ambiguity function, ambiguity function of the simple matched pulse filter for the pulse burst, pulse by pulse processing, range ambiguity, Doppler response and ambiguity function of the pulse burst.

    UNIT-III

    Detection Fundamentals: Radar detection as hypothesis testing, Neyman-Pearson detection rule, likelihood ratio test, threshold detection of radar signals, non-coherent integration of nonfluctuating targets, Albersheim and Shnidaman equations, Binary integration.

    UNIT-IV

    Radio Direction Finding: Loop Direction Finder, Goniometer, Errors in direction finding, Adcock and Automatic Direction Finders, Commutated Aerial Direction Finder. Radio Ranges: LF/MF four course radio range, VOR, ground equipment & receiver, VOR errors. Hyberbolic System of Navigation: Loran Decca & Omega System. Dme & Tecan

    UNIT-V

    Aids To Approach And Landing: Ils, Gca & Mls Doppler Navigation: Beam Configuration, Doppler Frequency Equation, track stabilisation and doppler spectrum, components of doppler navigation system, doppler radar equipment, CW & FMCW Doppler radar, frequency trackers, doppler range equation. Satallite Navigation System: transit system, NAVSTAR, GPS, basic principles of operation, signal structure of NAVSTAR broadcasts, data message, velocity determination, Accuracy of GPS & Differential Navigation, NAVSTAR Receiver.

    Books:

    • 1. Fundamentals of radar signal processing, Mark A Richards, TMH.
    • 2. Elements of Electronics Navigation, N. S. Nagraja, TMH.
    • 3. Radar principles, Peebles Jr. P. Z., Wiley, NY.
    • 4. Merrill I. Skolnik "Introduction to Radar Systems" Third Edition.
    • 5. J.C. Toomay , Paul J. Hannen " Principles of Radar" Third Edition.
    04
  • JEOE-081-084

    Open Elective (Non Conventional Energy Resources/Optimization Techniques in Engineering/Product Development/Automation and Robotics)

    Non Conventional Energy Resources:

    UNIT-I

    Introduction: Various non-conventional energy resources- Introduction, Availability, Classification, Relative Merits and Demerits. Solar Cells: Theory of solar cells. Solar Cell Materials, Solar Cell Array, Solar Cell Power Plant, Limitations.

    UNIT-II

    Solar Thermal Energy: Solar Radiation, Flat Plate Collectors and their Materials, Applications and Performance, Focusing of Collectors and their Materials, Applications and Performance; Solar Thermal Power Plants, Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Heating and Cooling, Limitations.

    UNIT-III

    Geothermal Energy: Resources of Geothermal Energy, Thermodynamics of Geo-Thermal Energy Conversion-Electrical Conversion, Non-Electrical Conversion, Environmental Considerations. Magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD): Principle of working of MHD Power Plant, Performance and Limitations. Fuel Cells: Principle of working of various types of fuel cells and their working, performance and limitations.

    UNIT-IV

    Thermo-electrical and thermionic Conversions: Principle of working, performance and limitations. Wind Energy: Wind power and its sources, site selection, criterion, momentum theory, classification of rotors, concentrations and augments, wind characteristics. Performance and limitations of energy conversion systems.

    UNIT-V

    Bio-mass: Availability of bio-mass and its conversion theory. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Availability, theory and working principle, performance and limitations. Wave and Tidal Wave: Principle of working, performance and limitations. Waste Recycling Plants

    Books:

    • 1. Raja et al, "Introduction to Non-Conventional Energy Resources" Scitech Publications.
    • 2. John Twideu and Tony Weir, "Renewal Energy Resources" BSP Publications.
    • 3. M.V.R. Koteswara Rao, "Energy Resources: Conventional & Non-Conventional "BSP Publications.
    • 4. D.S. Chauhan," Non-conventional Energy Resources" New Age International.
    • 5. C.S. Solanki, "Renewal Energy Technologies: A Practical Guide for Beginners" PHI Learning.

    Optimization Techniques in Engineering:

    UNIT-I

    Unconstrained Optimization: Optimizing Single-Variable Functions, conditions for Local Minimum and Maximum, Optimizing Multi-Variable Functions.

    UNIT-II

    Constrained Optimization: Optimizing Multivariable Functions with Equality Constraint: Direct Search Method, Lagrange Multipliers Method, Constrained Multivariable Optimization with inequality constrained: Kuhn-Tucker Necessary conditions, Kuhn – Tucker Sufficient Conditions.

    UNIT-III

    Optimization: Quasi-Newton Methods and line search, least squares optimization, Gauss-Newton, Levenberg- Marquartd, Extensions of LP to Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Non-Liner Programming, The Newton Algorithm, Non-Linear Least Squares, Sequential Quadratics Programming (SQP), Constrained Optimization, SQP Implementation, Multi-Objective Optimization, Branch and Bound Approaches, Genetic Algorithms and Genetic Programming, Singular Based Optimization, On-Line Real-Time Optimization, Optimization in Econometrics Approaches – Blue.

    UNIT-IV

    Optimization and Functions of a Complex Variable and Numerical Analysis: The Finite Difference Method for Poisson's Equation in two Dimensions and for the Transient Heat Equation, Eulers Method, The Modified Euler Method and the Runga-Kutta Method for Ordinary Differential Equations, Gaussian Quardative Tranzoidal Rule and Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8 Rules, the Newton Raphson in one and two Dimensions, Jacobi's Iteration Method.

    UNIT-V

    Optimization in Operation Research: Dynamic Programming, Transportation – Linear Optimization Simplex and Hitchcock Algorithms, Algorithms, Minimax and Maximum Algorithm, Discrete Simulation, Integer Programming – Cutting Plane Methods, Separable Programming, Stochastic Programming, Goal Programming, Integer Linear Programming, Pure and Mixed Strategy in theory of Games, Transshipment Problems, Heuristic Methods.

    Books:

    • 1. Winston W L: Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms
    • 2. Rao S.S., Optimization: Theory and Applications.
    • 3. Walsh G R: M methods of Optimization.
    • 4. Williams H.P.: Model Building in Mathematics Programming.
    • 5. Williams H.P.: Model Solving in Mathematics Programming
    • 6. G.L. Nemhauser and L.A. Wolsey: Intger and Combinational Optimization.
    • 7. R.G. Parker and R.L. Rardin: Discrete Optimization.

    Product Development:

    UNIT-I

    Concept of Product, definition and scope. Design definitions, old and new design methods, design by evolution, examples such as evolution of sewing M/C, bicycle, safety razor etc., need based developments, technology based developments physical relaibility & economic feasibility of design concepts.

    UNIT-II

    Murphology of design, divergent, transformation and convergent phases of product design, identification of need, Analysis of need. Design criteria; functional, aesthetics, ergonomics, form, shape, size, colour. Mental blocks, Removal blocs, Ideation techniques, Creativity, Check list.

    UNIT-III

    Transformations, Brainstorming& Synetics, Morephological techniques. Utility Concept, Utility Valaue, Utility Index, Decision making under Multiple Criteria. Economic aspects, Fixed and variable costs, Break-even analysis.

    UNIT-IV

    Reliability considerations, Bath tub curve, Reliability of systems in series and parallel, Failure rate, MTTF and MTBF, Optimum spares from Reliability considerations. Design of display and controls, Man-machine interface, Compatibility of displays and controls. Ergonomic aspects, Anthroprometric data and its importance in design. Application of Computers in Product development & design.

    UNIT-V

    Existing techniques, such as work-study, SQC etc. for improving method & quality of product. Innovation versus Invention. Technological Forecasting. Use of Standards for Design.

    Books:

    • 1. A.K. Chitab& R.C. Gupta "Product design & Manufacturing" – Prentice Hall
    • 2. R.P. Crewford, "The Technology of creation Thinking" Prentice Hall.
    • 3. C.D. Cain, "Product Design & Decision" Bussiness Books.
    • 4. C.D. Cain, "Engg. Product Design" Bussiness Books.

    Automation and Robotics:

    UNIT-I

    Introduction: Definition, Classification of Robots, geometric classification and control classification. Robot Elements: Drive system, control system, sensors, end effectors, gripper actuators and gripper design.

    UNIT-II

    Robot Coordinate Systems and Manipulator Kinematics: Robot co-ordinate system representation, transformation, homogenous transform and its inverse, relating the robot to its world. Manipulators Kinematics, parameters of links and joints, kinematic chains, dynamics of kinematic chains, trajectory planning and control, advanced techniques of kinematics and dynamics of mechanical systems, parallel actuated and closed loop manipulators.

    UNIT-III

    Robot Control: Fundamental principles, classification, position, path velocity and force control systems, computed torque control, adaptive control, Seroo system for robot control, and introduction to robot vision.

    UNIT-IV

    Robot Programming: Level of Robot Programming, Language Based Programming, Task Level Programming, Robot Programming Synthesis, Robot Programming for Welding, Machine Tools, Material Handling, Assembly Operations, Collision Free Motion Planning.

    UNIT-V

    Applications: Application of Robot in Welding, Machine Tools, Material Handling, Assembly Operations Parts Sorting and Parts Inspection.

    Books:

    • 1. Coifet Chirroza, "An Introduction to Robot Technology" Kogan Page.
    • 2. Y. Koren "Robotics for Engineers" Mcgraw Hill.
    • 3. K. S. Fu, R.C. Gonzalez Y& CSG Lee, "Robotics" McGraw Hill.
    • 4. J.J. Craig, "Robotics" Addison-Wesley.
    • 5. Grover, Mitchell Weiss, Nagel Octrey, "Industrial Robots" Mcgraw Hill.
    • 6. Asfahl, "Robots & Manufacturing Automation" Wily Eastern.
    • 7. Peter Auer, "Advances in Energy System and Technology". Vol. 1 & II Edited by Academic Press.
    04
  • JEEC-851

    Project
    12
  • JGP-801

    General Proficiency
    02
  • Total Credits
     
    30